Computer graphics, popularly known as CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery), represents one of the most striking advances in the film industry.
Although its implementation on the big screen first occurred in the 1970s, it was in the 90s that its real potential began to manifest itself in an impressive way.
This era brought with it million-dollar cinematographic productions, full of visual effects and cutting-edge technology.
However, the use of this technological resource is not free from controversy.
Understanding the term ‘CGI’
The term CGI, which stands for “computer-generated imagery,” is a versatile expression that, when applied to media production, refers primarily to special visual effects.
The initial milestone for this technology was the film “Westworld”, in 1973.
However, it was “Terminator 2: Judgment Day”, directed by James Cameron in 1991, that truly popularized the use of CGI.
In this film, technology was used to bring to life the iconic villain T-1000, a liquid metal cyborg.
In the 90s, other films also made notable use of visual effects.
“Jurassic Park” (1993) transported audiences to a world of giant dinosaurs, while “Toy Story” (1995) marked the debut of the first entirely computer-animated film.
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“Titanic” (1997) combined practical and visual effects to realistically recreate the ship’s history, since building a real replica was impractical.
Computer graphics is a versatile tool that can be applied in many ways.
It allows the creation of elements that would be difficult to build physically, such as non-human characters, grandiose settings, extraordinary landscapes and spectacular action sequences.
Therefore, it is commonly found in works of science fiction, action, fantasy and superhero films.
As technology evolves exponentially, the range of possibilities for its use also expands.
One of the current trends in cinema is the rejuvenating effect, exemplified by Martin Scorsese in “The Irishman” (2019).
In this film, instead of hiring other actors to play younger versions of Al Pacino and Robert De Niro, the actors were digitally transformed.
However, debates arise about the limits of CGI in cinema. To what extent can technology replace human elements?
Robert De Niro expressed his belief in a limit to the use of CGI, stating that while the technology can create a new type of entertainment, it should not replace human and individual-created aspects.
Increasing technological developments have also sparked debates about the responsible use of CGI.
Currently, SAG-AFTRA (Actors Guild of the United States) is on strike against abusive practices by Hollywood studios, which includes regulating the use of CGI.
Excessive use of this technology can lead to actor replacement, a concern highlighted by projects like “Finding Jack.” This project intended to revive James Dean digitally, which generated negative repercussions.
While more recent films, such as “Avatar” (2009) and its sequel “Avatar: The Way of Water” (2022), have received praise for their grand special effects, others have opted for more traditional techniques.
“Top Gun: Maverick” (2022) did not use computerized images to create flight scenes, preferring the authenticity of aerial acrobatics. “Mad Max: Fury Road” (2015) was widely praised for its complex practical effects techniques.
CGI continues to play a crucial role in the film industry, offering new creative possibilities. However, its use and impact generate constant debate.
As the technology moves forward, the relationship between cinema and CGI will continue to evolve, shaping the future of the seventh art.
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